Year 10 Physics: Forces and Motion

Understanding forces from waka navigation to space travel

Duration: 6-8 weeks | Focus: Newton's Laws, Momentum, Real-world Applications

🎯 Learning Objectives

  • Apply Newton's three laws of motion
  • Calculate force, mass, and acceleration (F = ma)
  • Explain momentum and conservation
  • Investigate friction and air resistance
  • Connect physics to Māori technologies

🧪 Key Experiments

  • Tablecloth pull (inertia demo)
  • Trolley and weights acceleration
  • Balloon rocket races
  • Marble collision momentum
  • Friction surface testing

🚀 Interactive Physics Simulations

Use these PhET simulations to explore concepts:

Lesson 1: Introduction to Forces

🔨 Māori Tool Demo Cultural

Use a whētuki (Māori lever tool) to demonstrate force multiplication and discuss traditional Māori engineering.

⛵ America's Cup Physics NZ Context

Analyze forces acting on Team New Zealand's yacht design - lift, drag, and hydrodynamics.

🌊 Waka Navigation Forces Cultural

Explore how Polynesian navigators understood water currents, wind forces, and momentum.

Assessment: Force Analysis Worksheet

Students identify and calculate forces in everyday NZ scenarios

Lesson 2: Newton's First Law (Inertia)

🍽️ Tablecloth Pull Experiment Hands-on

Demonstrate inertia by rapidly pulling tablecloth from under dishes. Measure and analyze results.

🖥️ PhET Simulation Digital

Use "Forces and Motion Basics" simulation to explore inertia in different scenarios.

🛶 Waka Steering Physics Cultural

How traditional navigators used inertia principles when steering large waka across the Pacific.

Assessment: Inertia in Action Video Project

Students film and analyze real-world examples of inertia

Lesson 3: Newton's Second Law (F = ma)

🛒 Trolley & Weights Lab Hands-on

Measure acceleration with different masses. Plot force vs. acceleration graphs.

🚀 Rocket Lab Case Study NZ Context

Calculate thrust forces needed for Electron rocket to overcome Earth's gravity.

⚖️ Waka Acceleration Math Cultural

Calculate forces needed to accelerate different sized waka with varying crew numbers.

Assessment: F = ma Problem Solving Test

Applied physics problems using NZ and Pacific contexts

Lesson 4: Newton's Third Law (Action-Reaction)

🎈 Balloon Rocket Race Hands-on

Build straw-and-balloon rockets. Measure thrust and distance. Optimize designs.

💧 Water Rocket Launch Hands-on

If facilities allow, launch water rockets and measure flight data.

🚀 Rocket Lab Thrust Analysis NZ Context

Watch Electron rocket launches, analyze thrust-to-weight ratios.

Assessment: Rocket Design Challenge

Design and build optimal balloon rocket with physics justification

Lesson 5: Momentum & Collisions

🔴 Marble Collision Lab Hands-on

Track momentum before/after collisions. Test conservation of momentum principle.

🚗 NZTA Crash Test Analysis NZ Context

Watch NZ Transport Agency crash tests, analyze momentum changes and safety features.

🏏 Patu Physics Cultural

Analyze how traditional Māori weapons like patu use momentum in combat.

Assessment: Momentum Conservation Calculations

Solve collision problems using conservation of momentum

Lesson 6: Friction & Air Resistance

📦 Sliding Blocks Experiment Hands-on

Test friction coefficients on different surfaces. Graph force vs. normal force.

🚁 Paper Helicopter Design Hands-on

Modify paper helicopter designs to reduce air resistance and increase flight time.

⛵ Cup Yacht Aerodynamics NZ Context

Study America's Cup yacht design - how Team New Zealand reduces drag.

Assessment: Friction Investigation Report

Scientific report on friction testing with analysis and conclusions

Lesson 7: Summative Project - Waka Design Challenge

🛶 Waka Model Design Project

Design waka model optimizing speed and stability using physics principles.

📐 Physics Justification Cultural

Explain forces (buoyancy, thrust, drag) using Newton's laws and traditional knowledge.

🏗️ Optional Prototype Extension

Build and test actual model if facilities allow. 3D printing available.

Final Assessment: Waka Design Presentation

Present design with physics calculations, cultural connections, and prototype testing

📚 Resources & Extensions

Digital Tools:

PhET Interactive Simulations Rocket Lab NZ America's Cup Technology

Māori Knowledge:

Te Toki Waka Documentary Polynesian Navigation Methods Traditional Māori Tools & Physics

Assessment:

Lab Report Templates Physics Problem Bank Waka Design Rubric

Whakataukī (Māori Proverb)

"Ehara taku toa i te toa takitahi, engari he toa takitini."

"My strength is not mine alone, but from many."
Just as forces interact, so do people in science and innovation.