AI Ethics Through Māori Data Sovereignty
Exploring Raraunga Māori principles in artificial intelligence development
Cultural Context: Tikanga Māori and Technology
The concept of Raraunga Māori (Māori Data Sovereignty) is based on the principle that data about Māori should be governed by Māori. This aligns with the broader concept of Tino Rangatiratanga (self-determination).
Key considerations:
- Manaakitanga - Respect and care in how data is collected and used
- Kaitiakitanga - Guardianship and protection of data
- Whanaungatanga - Relationships and connections in data sharing
- Tapu - The sacredness of certain knowledge and information
When developing AI systems that may use Māori data, these principles should guide ethical decision-making.
Understanding the Issues
Artificial Intelligence systems often rely on large datasets that may include information about indigenous peoples. Without proper governance, this can lead to:
- Misrepresentation of Māori knowledge and culture
- Commercial exploitation without benefit sharing
- Perpetuation of biases and stereotypes
- Loss of control over culturally sensitive information
Case Study Analysis
Scenario: A health AI system is being developed using patient data from New Zealand hospitals. The data includes significant information about Māori patients.
Questions for discussion:
- Who should have control over this data?
- How could the principles of Raraunga Māori be applied?
- What potential harms might occur if Māori perspectives aren't considered?
- How could the developers ensure ethical use of this data?
Group Activity: Ethical Framework Development
In small groups, create a 5-point ethical framework for AI developers working with Māori data. Consider:
- Data collection methods
- Consent processes
- Ongoing governance
- Benefit sharing
- Culturally appropriate algorithms
Assessment
Task: Create a proposal for an AI ethics policy that incorporates Māori Data Sovereignty principles.
| Criteria | Achieved | Merit | Excellence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Understanding of Raraunga Māori | Basic description of concepts | Clear explanation with relevant examples | In-depth analysis with connections to broader indigenous rights |
| Application to AI Ethics | Identifies some ethical considerations | Develops coherent ethical guidelines | Creates innovative, culturally-grounded solutions |
| Practical Implementation | Suggests basic policy elements | Develops workable policy framework | Detailed implementation plan with stakeholder considerations |
Self-Checklist
- I have explained at least 3 Māori Data Sovereignty principles
- I have identified specific AI ethics concerns related to Māori data
- My proposal includes practical implementation steps
- I have considered multiple stakeholder perspectives
- My work shows cultural respect and accuracy
Extension Activities
1. Comparative Analysis
Research how other indigenous communities (e.g., Native American tribes, Australian Aboriginal groups) approach data sovereignty. Create a Venn diagram comparing their approaches with Raraunga Māori.
2. Algorithm Audit
Select a commonly used AI system (e.g., facial recognition, recommendation algorithms) and analyze how it might impact Māori users. Consider:
- Data sources used to train the system
- Potential biases in the algorithms
- Ways the system could be made more culturally responsive
3. Policy Debate
Organize a class debate on the statement: "All AI systems using Māori data should require approval from relevant iwi authorities."
Teacher Implementation Notes
Prior Knowledge: Students should have basic understanding of AI systems and data collection practices. Some familiarity with Māori perspectives is helpful but not essential.
Suggested Timing:
- Introduction and cultural context: 1-2 periods
- Case study analysis and activities: 2-3 periods
- Assessment task completion: 2-3 periods
- Extension activities: 1-2 periods each
Differentiation:
- Support: Provide template for ethical framework with starter statements
- Extension: Challenge students to develop technical implementations of their ethical frameworks
Cultural Safety:
- Consult with local iwi or Māori advisors if available
- Create space for Māori students to share perspectives if they choose
- Ensure all discussions maintain respect for Māori knowledge systems
Resources and References
- Te Mana Raraunga - Māori Data Sovereignty Network: www.temanararaunga.maori.nz
- Waitangi Tribunal Report on Data: WAI 2522
- New Zealand Government Algorithm Charter
- Indigenous Data Sovereignty: Toward an Agenda (book)
- Māori Data Governance Model (Te Puni Kōkiri)
Glossary of Māori Terms:
- Raraunga Māori - Māori Data Sovereignty
- Tino Rangatiratanga - Self-determination, sovereignty
- Manaakitanga - Hospitality, kindness, respect
- Kaitiakitanga - Guardianship, stewardship
- Whanaungatanga - Relationship, kinship
- Tapu - Sacred, restricted
- Iwi - Tribe, nation