Unit 2 · Lesson 5 Source Pack

Focus: Linking 1970s activism to Waitangi Tribunal investigations, Treaty settlements, and the ongoing pursuit of tino rangatiratanga.

Whakataukī: “Ko te pae tawhiti whāia kia tata, ko te pae tata whakamaua kia tīna.” — “Seek out the distant horizons, hold fast to those already reached.” We honour intergenerational efforts that secured pathways to redress while recognising the journey continues.

🧭 How to Use This Pack

  1. Introduce the sources during Part 1 (Waitangi Tribunal reading) and the unit synthesis timeline.
  2. Guide ākonga to connect each source to prior lessons (innovation, wars, urban rights, activism).
  3. Support the summative counter-narrative essay with direct quotes, statistics, and case studies.
  4. Use the exemplar paragraph + moderation notes when modelling expectations for the assessment.

📚 Curated Sources

Source Type Key Evidence Suggested Use
1975 Māori Land March Petition (Extract)
Archives NZ, Reference AAAC W3072 8652		 Primary document “Not one more acre” demand, signatures from nationwide hapori, link to Te Rōpū Matakite. Timeline anchor: connect Lesson 4 activism to formal political pressure.
Waitangi Tribunal Act (1975) + Amendment (1985)
Legislation excerpts		 Legislative text Initial jurisdiction over contemporary breaches; 1985 amendment enabling historical claims back to 1840. Discussion on why activism was essential; highlight limits (advisory power, no binding rulings).
Wai 11 – Te Reo Māori Report (1986)
Tribunal summary		 Official report Declares te reo Māori a taonga; recommends broadcasting policy change; emphasises Crown obligation to protect language. Evidence for cultural redress; link to Lesson 1 whakapapa commitments and Lesson 4 activism.
Ngāi Tahu Deed of Settlement (1997) – Summary
Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu Education Pack		 Primary summary Financial redress $170M, apology, return of pounamu rights, co-management of conservation areas. Case study: students evaluate strengths/limitations; map gains vs unresolved grievances.
Settlement Statistics Dashboard (Te Arawhiti)
Data table		 Data set Number of deeds signed, average fiscal redress, percentage of land returned (usually <3%). Numeracy integration: create infographics, compute per-capita redress, critique adequacy.
Opinion Piece – Moana Jackson (2012)
“Settlement is not the same as justice”		 Secondary commentary Critique of settlement ceilings, ongoing Crown power imbalance, call for constitutional transformation. Counter-argument section for essays; emphasise tino rangatiratanga beyond monetary redress.
Contemporary Example – Parihaka Reconciliation (2017)
Crown apology speech		 Primary speech Formal apology, Crown acknowledgement of invasion, forward-focused relationship plan. Extension: connect past activism to modern apology protocol; assess sincerity vs action.

🧾 Essay Support Toolkit

Exemplar Analytical Paragraph

“The establishment of the Waitangi Tribunal in 1975 was not a gift from the Crown but a concession wrestled from sustained Māori activism. Te Rōpū Matakite’s land march, supported by thousands who walked the length of Te Ika-a-Māui, forced the government to confront historic breaches (Archives NZ, AAAC W3072 8652). Yet the original Act only examined new grievances, signalling a reluctance to revisit colonisation itself. Activists therefore continued applying pressure — the 1977–78 Bastion Point occupation and a decade of petitions culminated in the 1985 amendment, which finally allowed claims back to 1840. This sequence proves Māori agency is the engine of change; the Tribunal exists because iwi and hapori made tino rangatiratanga impossible to ignore.”

  • Evidence style: Blend primary documents + contextual commentary.
  • Language: Centre Māori agency, use verbs like “wrestled,” “forced,” “continued.”

Moderation Notes (Kaiako)

  • Look for thesis statements naming two periods/events and referencing tino rangatiratanga explicitly.
  • Require at least two cited sources (documentary, report, statistical data, or oral history).
  • Award higher grades when students critique limitations of settlements, not just describe them.
  • Use Unit 2 Assessment Rubric for consistency across classes.

🧮 Numeracy & Data Extensions

  • Create a stacked bar chart comparing fiscal redress vs. estimated loss for two iwi (use data from Te Arawhiti reports).
  • Calculate percentage of original land returned in sample settlements; discuss why many iwi accept less than 5%.
  • Map settlement dates on a timeline overlaid with protest milestones to show lag between activism and Crown response.

📊 Mātainuku & Mātairea Alignment

Mātainuku – Evidence to Gather

  • Annotated source sheets (Wai 11 summary, Ngāi Tahu deed, data graphs).
  • Timeline or mind-map with cross-lesson connections highlighted.
  • Exit reflection referencing at least one Tribunal case.

Mātairea – Beyond the Lesson

  • Podcast mini-episode interviewing whānau about settlement impacts.
  • Policy brief evaluating how current settlements could better honour tino rangatiratanga.
  • Creative response (poetry, visual art) juxtaposing Crown apology text with iwi visions for the future.

🔗 Quick Reference Links