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βž– Negative Numbers

Ngā Tau Whakaiti β€” Numbers Below Zero

🌑️ Below Zero!

Negative numbers are numbers less than zero. We write them with a minus sign (βˆ’). They're used in temperature, bank accounts, and many other places!

πŸ“ The Number Line

← ... -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 | 0 | +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 ... β†’

Negative numbers are to the LEFT of zero

Key Points
  • Numbers get smaller as you go left
  • Numbers get bigger as you go right
  • βˆ’5 is LESS than βˆ’2 (further from zero on the left)

🌍 Real World Examples

🌑️ Temperature

βˆ’5Β°C means 5 degrees below freezing

🏦 Money

βˆ’$20 means you owe $20

πŸ”οΈ Altitude

βˆ’10m means 10m below sea level

πŸ“… History

500 BCE = βˆ’500 on a timeline

πŸ“ Calculating with Negatives

Adding & Subtracting
  • Adding a positive β†’ move RIGHT on number line
  • Adding a negative β†’ move LEFT (like subtracting)
  • Subtracting a negative β†’ move RIGHT (double negative = positive)

Examples:

  • 3 + (βˆ’5) = 3 βˆ’ 5 = βˆ’2
  • βˆ’4 + 6 = 2
  • βˆ’3 βˆ’ (βˆ’2) = βˆ’3 + 2 = βˆ’1
Multiplying & Dividing
  • Positive Γ— Positive = Positive
  • Negative Γ— Negative = Positive
  • Positive Γ— Negative = Negative
  • Negative Γ— Positive = Negative

Same signs = positive. Different signs = negative.

✏️ Activities

Calculate These
  1. 5 + (βˆ’3) = ___
  2. βˆ’8 + 2 = ___
  3. βˆ’4 βˆ’ (βˆ’6) = ___
  4. (βˆ’3) Γ— (βˆ’2) = ___
  5. (βˆ’12) Γ· 4 = ___

My working:

πŸ‘©β€πŸ« Teacher Notes

Curriculum Links
  • Mathematics: Number β€” integers