π What Makes Things Move?
A force is a push or a pull on an object. Forces can make things start moving, stop moving, speed up, slow down, or change direction. You can't see forces, but you can see what they do!
β‘ Types of Forces
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Gravity
Pulls everything toward Earth's centre
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Friction
Resists motion between surfaces
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Magnetism
Attracts or repels magnetic materials
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Air Resistance
Friction from air slowing things down
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Applied Force
When you push or pull something
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Tension
Pulling force through ropes, strings
βοΈ Balanced vs Unbalanced
Forces in Balance
- Balanced forces β equal forces in opposite directions = no change in motion (e.g., book sitting on table)
- Unbalanced forces β unequal forces = object accelerates in direction of larger force (e.g., kicking a ball)
Tug of war:
β¬ οΈ 100N | π§ | 100N β‘οΈ = No movement
β¬ οΈ 150N | π§ | 100N β‘οΈ = Moves left
π Newton's Laws (Simple)
Three Key Ideas
- Inertia β Things stay still or keep moving unless a force acts on them
- F = m Γ a β Bigger force = more acceleration. Bigger mass = harder to accelerate
- Action-Reaction β Every push has an equal push back
π Measuring Forces
Units and Tools
- Forces are measured in Newtons (N)
- Named after Sir Isaac Newton
- Measured with a spring balance or force meter
βοΈ Activities
Activity: Force Hunt
Find examples of each force type around you:
- Gravity acting: ___________
- Friction acting: ___________
- Applied force: ___________
- Air resistance: ___________
Explain why a ball slows down after you kick it:
π©βπ« Teacher Notes
Curriculum Links
- Science: Physical World β forces, motion