π‘ Powering Our World
Electricity is a form of energy caused by the movement of electrons. We use it to power almost everything β lights, phones, computers, and appliances. Understanding electricity helps us use it safely!
π What is a Circuit?
A Complete Path
A circuit is a complete loop that electricity can flow through. If the loop is broken (open circuit), electricity stops flowing. If it's complete (closed circuit), electricity flows!
π§ Circuit Components
π
Battery/Cell
Power source
π‘
Bulb/LED
Light output
π
Wires
Carry current
π
Switch
Opens/closes circuit
π’
Buzzer
Sound output
βοΈ
Motor
Movement output
π Series vs Parallel
- Series circuit: Components in a single loop. If one breaks, all stop working.
- Parallel circuit: Components in separate branches. If one breaks, others still work.
House lights are parallel β one bulb can blow without affecting others!
𧲠Conductors & Insulators
Materials That Help or Block
- Conductors β let electricity flow through: metals (copper, aluminium), water
- Insulators β block electricity: plastic, rubber, wood, glass
Wires have metal conductors inside with plastic insulation outside for safety!
β οΈ Electrical Safety
Stay Safe!
- π« Never stick anything in power outlets
- π§ Keep water away from electricity
- π Don't use damaged cords
- π©οΈ Stay indoors during lightning storms
- β‘ Never touch power lines
βοΈ Activities
Draw a simple circuit with:
- 1 battery
- 1 bulb
- 1 switch
- Wires connecting them
Draw your circuit here
π©βπ« Teacher Notes
Curriculum Links
- Science: Physical World β energy
- Technology: Electronics